KEEB KWV YAV DUA LI KEV SIV TUNGSTEN
Kev tshawb pom hauv kev siv tungsten tuaj yeem txuas nrog plaub qhov chaw: tshuaj lom neeg, hlau thiab super alloys, filaments, thiab carbides.
1847: Cov ntsev tungsten yog siv los ua paj rwb xim thiab ua khaub ncaws siv rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab lwm yam hom phiaj fireproof.
1855: Cov txheej txheem Bessemer tau tsim tawm, uas ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim cov hlau ntau. Tib lub sijhawm, thawj cov hlau tungsten tau raug tsim tawm hauv Austria.
1895: Thomas Edison tau tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv lub peev xwm los fluoresce thaum raug rau X-rays, thiab pom tias calcium tungstate yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.
1900: Cov Hlau Ceev Ceev, ib qho kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau thiab tungsten, tau nthuav tawm ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Paris. Nws tseem khaws nws qhov nyuaj thaum kub siab, zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov cuab yeej thiab kev siv tshuab.
1903: Cov filaments hauv cov teeb thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo yog thawj zaug siv tungsten uas siv nws qhov chaw yaj siab heev thiab nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb? Cov kev sim thaum ntxov pom tias tungsten tsis ruaj khov rau kev siv dav dav.
1909: William Coolidge thiab nws pab neeg ntawm General Electric hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb pom cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov ductile tungsten filaments los ntawm kev kho cua sov thiab kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab.
Xyoo 1911: Cov Txheej Txheem Coolidge tau muag khoom, thiab hauv ib lub sijhawm luv luv lub teeb tungsten kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb nruab nrog cov xov hlau tungsten ductile.
Xyoo 1913: Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov pob zeb diamond hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov pob zeb diamond dies, uas yog siv los kos hlau.
1914: "Nws yog kev ntseeg ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij tub rog Allied tias hauv rau lub hlis Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav tsis muaj cov mos txwv lawm. Cov Allies sai sai pom tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tab tom nce nws cov khoom tsim cov mos txwv thiab rau ib lub sijhawm tau dhau qhov tsim tawm ntawm Allies. Qhov kev hloov pauv yog ib feem vim nws siv cov hlau ceev ceev tungsten thiab cov cuab yeej txiav tungsten. Ua rau cov neeg Askiv xav tsis thoob, cov tungsten siv, nws tau pom tom qab, feem ntau los ntawm lawv cov Cornish Mines hauv Cornwall. "- Los ntawm KC Li phau ntawv xyoo 1947 "TUNGSTEN"
1923: Ib lub tuam txhab teeb hluav taws xob German xa daim ntawv pov thawj rau tungsten carbide, lossis hardmetal. Nws tau ua los ntawm "cementing" cov tungsten monocarbide (WC) nyuaj heev hauv cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hlau cobalt tawv los ntawm kev sintering theem kua.
Qhov tshwm sim tau hloov keeb kwm ntawm tungsten: ib yam khoom uas muaj zog, tawv thiab tawv heev. Qhov tseeb, tungsten carbide nyuaj heev, tsuas yog pob zeb diamond xwb uas tuaj yeem khawb nws. (Carbide yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tungsten niaj hnub no.)
Xyoo 1930: Cov ntawv thov tshiab tau tshwm sim rau cov tshuaj tungsten hauv kev lag luam roj rau kev kho cov roj nyoos.
Xyoo 1940: Kev tsim cov hlau, nickel, thiab cobalt-based superalloys pib, los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm cov cav dav hlau.
Xyoo 1942: Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov neeg Yelemes yog thawj tus siv cov tungsten carbide core hauv cov phom loj uas tho qhov av. Cov tsheb thauj khoom Askiv yuav luag "yaj" thaum raug cov tungsten carbide projectiles no.
Xyoo 1945: Kev muag khoom txhua xyoo ntawm cov teeb incandescent yog 795 lab ib xyoos hauv Tebchaws Meskas
Xyoo 1950: Txog lub sijhawm no, tungsten tau ntxiv rau hauv superalloys los txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo.
Xyoo 1960: Cov tshuaj catalysts tshiab tau yug los uas muaj cov tshuaj tungsten los kho cov pa roj hauv kev lag luam roj.
Xyoo 1964: Kev txhim kho hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tsim cov teeb incandescent txo tus nqi ntawm kev muab lub teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb caug, piv rau tus nqi ntawm kev qhia txog Edison lub teeb pom kev zoo.
2000: Txij thaum no mus, muaj li ntawm 20 billion meters ntawm cov xov hlau teeb raug rub tawm txhua xyoo, qhov ntev uas sib npaug li 50 npaug ntawm qhov deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub hli. Teeb pom kev siv 4% thiab 5% ntawm tag nrho cov tungsten tsim tawm.
TUNGSTEN HNUB NO
Niaj hnub no, tungsten carbide yog qhov dav heev, thiab nws cov ntawv thov suav nrog kev txiav hlau, kev ua cov ntoo, yas, composites, thiab cov khoom siv ceramics mos, chipless forming (kub thiab txias), kev khawb av, kev tsim kho, kev khawb pob zeb, cov khoom siv, cov khoom hnav thiab cov khoom siv tub rog.
Cov hlau tungsten kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cav rocket nozzles, uas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom tiv taus cua sov zoo. Cov super-alloys uas muaj tungsten yog siv rau hauv cov hniav turbine thiab cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem uas tiv taus kev hnav.
Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm kav ntawm lub teeb incandescent tau xaus tom qab 132 xyoo, vim tias lawv pib raug tshem tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-29-2021
